# Serial Acquirers
Case studies on companies that compound through acquisition. Some buy hundreds of small businesses; others make fewer, larger moves. What unites them: clarity on strategy, discipline in operating model, time horizons measured in decades, and unusual leadership continuity. The specifics vary, but the consistency doesn't.
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## The integration spectrum
How much do you transform what you buy?
**[[Danaher]]** — Systematic transformation through DBS. Learn from the source, codify kaizen, apply everywhere. 21% CAGR for 40 years.
**[[Halma]]** — Incremental reshaping, quality focus. The centipede approach — many small bets, continuous portfolio improvement. 18% CAGR since 1997.
**[[Lifco]]** — Radical autonomy, simple metrics. Swedish decentralisation taken to its logical conclusion. 28% CAGR for a decade.
**[[Constellation]]** — Decentralised capital allocation. Small deals done well beat large deals done adequately. 36% CAGR since 2006.
**[[Topicus]]** — Constellation's European experiment. Can the Canadian playbook work in fragmented continental markets? Early returns say yes.
**[[Chapters]]** — Germany's answer to Constellation. Investor-turned-operator, search fund hybrid, 190,000 successions to hunt.
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## The pricing question
Opposite strategies, similar returns.
**[[TransDigm]]** — Value-based pricing, sole-source power. Three value drivers, PE DNA in public markets. 36% IRR since 1993.
**[[Heico]]** — Value-based positioning. Win share by being the affordable alternative. Family business, shared wealth. 23% CAGR since 1990.
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## The Swedish tradition
A lineage of decentralisation, permanent ownership, and simple metrics tracing back to Bergman & Beving's innovations in the 1980s.
**[[Bergman & Beving]]** — The mother company. One metric invented in 1981, six listed offspring today. SEK 180 billion in combined value.
**[[Addtech]]** — The best B&B offspring. Four CEOs, one system, a 130-bagger. Proof the operating model transfers across generations.
**[[Indutrade]]** — Technology trading origins, Swedish trust culture. King in your own country. 15% EPS CAGR since 2005.
**[[Vitec]]** — The engineer's acquirer. Kaizen over Berkshire, active modernisation over hands-off. The Constellation contrast. 27% CAGR since IPO.
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## Operational excellence
Codified improvement systems applied across the portfolio.
**[[Roper]]** — One metric (CRI), no budgets, sixty people at HQ. Cash flow compounding as religion. 19% CAGR under Jellison.
**[[ITW]]** — The acquirer who stopped. 600 deals, then seven years of nothing. Proved the operating model could stand alone. Margins doubled.
**[[AMETEK]]** — One of the eight companies Mark Leonard studied. Four growth strategies, applied methodically for decades. 18% CAGR since 2000.
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## Industry consolidation
Building #1 positions through disciplined M&A.
**[[ASSA ABLOY]]** — The gentle conqueror. Buy local leaders, integrate as mergers among equals. 400 acquisitions, 30 years of consistency.
**[[Diploma]]** — Federated value-add distribution. Operating companies acquire businesses themselves. Critical products, thin HQ. 15% CAGR for 15 years.
**[[Informa]]** — The specialist consolidator. #1 in B2B events through disciplined M&A, fast integration, and willingness to sell what no longer fits.
**[[Judges]]** — Six people at HQ, 4.8x EBIT multiples. The turnaround specialist who learned what breaks companies. 25% CAGR since 2003.
**[[Brown & Brown]]** — Three generations, 500 acquisitions. Insurance brokerage's answer to decentralisation. 3% corporate overhead.
**[[Kelly Partners]]** — The 51/49 partnership model. Professional services consolidation that keeps partners invested. 31% CAGR since 2007.
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## The PE precedent
Private equity firms aren't compounding acquirers — they buy to sell. But one pioneered operational value creation in software before anyone else, and its influence shaped both PE competitors and permanent-capital acquirers.
**[[Vista]]** — The firm that built an in-house consulting arm, codified software operations into a 100-point playbook, and proved "software tastes like chicken." Now the question is whether the innovation has been commoditised.
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## The portfolio
**[[Amphenol]]** — Extreme decentralisation in connectors. "They join the portfolio — and keep running themselves."
**[[Bending Spoons]]** — "If Berkshire and Google had a baby." Transformation-focused app acquirer, from failed startup to $10B+ valuation.